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07 - HDMI

Posted in Neothings by bill on the April 10th, 2006
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Once it was clear that DVI had a foothold in consumer equipment, a new organization HDMI, LLC created a spec for the High Definition Multimedia Interface or HDMI. The new spec took the work of DVI and made a few changes. First, the connector was changed to something that was intended to be more consumer friendly. The thumbscrews went away, and the connector got smaller. Next they added specifications for digital component video. Previously with DVI it was only digital RGB. The final most significant change added to the spec was digital audio. The digital audio is packed on top of the digital video, so that no extra wires are needed, and backwards compatibility with DVI is retained. With both DVI and HDMI, the legacy dead times between lines and between frames are still there. HDMI uses those dead times to pack in some digital audio data. The digital audio can be stereo PCM, Dolby Digital, DTS, etc. basically whatever SPDIF can do, HDMI can carry it. Other than that, HDMI is very similar to DVI. It remains a one way data path, except for the low bandwidth DDC channel still used for the HDCP encryption communications.
HDMI takes away the analog RGB lines, so there is no HDMI-D/A/I as in DVI. The cable is usually smaller since there are a few less wires typically. Some of the name brand cable manufacturers believe bigger sells better, so they have used large, heavy cable, which has contributed to one of the downsides to HDMI. Since the connector has only friction to keep it inserted, the larger cable adds enough weight that the connector has been known to fall out or become damaged and generally unreliable.
Electrically, HDMI is virtually identical to DVI, and is subject to the same limitations in length. Again, 15 to 30 feet is usually not a problem. 50 feet is usually achievable. Beyond that there are some signal restoration type of products that work well to extend the range out to 100 feet, in addition to fiber optic solutions that can go up to 300 feet. Fiber works, but can be cost prohibitive.
Failures of HDMI would be similar to DVI, typically starting out as sparklies or random snow on the screen. If the cable was damaged during installation, the usual result is no picture at all.

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