18 - Satellite, MPEG2, and MPEG4
Like cable, the satellite operators use QAM modulation for over the air, and MPEG-2 for compression of the video. However the satellite operators have less overall bandwidth to work with, and are starting to transition to MPEG-4 compression. This means the set top box has to be replaced. They are launching new satellites, but this is more or less to add more bandwidth. The satellite itself does not get involved in compression or modulation schemes. Think of it as a bent pipe in the sky. In reality it does do a frequency translation, but it merely takes a big 20 MHz or so chunk of RF spectrum and retransmits it out in a different band. The RF it translates could be data, analog TV, digital TV, it really doesn’t care.